The role of transport vehicles in the transmission of PRRSV
How can we tell whether a transport vehicle is clean by just taking a glimpse?
Clinical case: Edema disease on fattening pigs (70-80 kg)
We concluded an Edema disease episode, which is extremely unusual at this age.
Interaction between PRRSV and respiratory coronavirus or influenza virus
Enric Marco tells us that of late, it is relatively common to see fattening pigs in their final phase exhibiting respiratory symptoms that respond poorly to antibiotic treatments. In these cases, we usually think of PRRS virus; however raising the possibility of a mixed viral infection is less frequent...
Interaction between PRRSV and Streptococcus suis
PRRSV favours the appearance of secondary infections like the one caused by S. suis due to the impairment of the alveolar macrophages cleaning functions.
Clinical case: Sudden death of replacement gilts a few days after delivery
Carcasses showed a good body condition and a pronounced cyanosis in the area of the ventral abdomen and the ventral throat.
Long-distance airborne transport of infectious PRRSV and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Surrounding holdings with high hedge fences reduces the risk of airborne transmission.
Interaction between PRRSV and H. parasuis
PRRSV does not favour infection by H. parasuis by reducing the population of alveolar macrophages, but by reducing their ability to inactivate the bacteria.
Clinical case: Control of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
This clinical case study tracks the long term pattern and control of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) disease in a breeder feeder farm through the 1990’s.
Interaction between PRRS and App
App control is an essential link to control pleuroneumonia in PRRS-positive herds.
Transmission routes, control and prevention of PRRS
PRRS virus infection can be considered common in areas of high pig density and, in such cases, the idea that biosecurity and can do little is widespread. However, proper biosecurity measures must be implemented in order to prevent the introduction of new strains.
Importance of sequential order of coinfection by PRRSV and PCV2
This article proves that, at least "in vitro" order matters. In PRRSV/PCV2 mixed infections, the consequences are worse when PRRSV infection occurs before or concurrently to PCV2 infection, than when the sequence is reversed.
Interaction between PRRSV and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Since a vast majority of commercial farms are endemically infected with M. hyopneumoniae, the control measures applied against PRRS should include measures against M. hyopneumoniae.
PCV2 viraemia, a load-dependent effect on average daily weight gain during the postweaning period
The loss associated with decreased ADWG was of 13.1 € and 7.5 €/pig at 21 weeks of age for pigs with high and medium serum PCV2 load under the scenario studied.
PRRS clinical aspects: epidemic and endemic phases
In areas with a high density of pigs, a large proportion of farms are endemically infected. In these situations, the group at the highest risk is the gilts.
Seroprevalence of selected swine viral pathogens
The high seroprevalences found supports the feeling you get in the field that PCV2, PRRSV, and SIV are very widespread viruses in our farms.
Vaccines and PCV2 evolution
Distinct PCV2 variants are circulating in commercial pig farms. How the vaccine induced immunity may affect PCV2 evolution?
PCV2 vaccination reduces antibiotic consumption in swine production
The benefit on antibiotic use is particularly clear when herds are multicontaminated by pathogenic virus and bacteria, allowing also to maintain animal welfare and operational productivity, but a good immunity against PCV2 is effective also in high health status herds.
Perspectives on PCVAD diagnosis
Finding an occasional pig with PCVAD within a large population is not unexpected since vaccination compliance is rarely 100%. How does one assess impact of PCVAD in a vaccinated population?
DTH: A new option for checking the compliance of the vaccination against PCV2
It is a test that allows the verification of the carrying out and/or the quality of the vaccination in cases such as the entrance of piglets for their fattening.
Vaccination failures in the control of PCV disease
The first cause of PCV vaccine failure is the purchase and use of generic vaccine of low quality and titre, but the exact cause of the failures can occur in various forms.
Novel PCV2 variants also known as mutant PCV2: Are current vaccines protective?
During 2012 PCV2 variants or mutants (mPCV2) appeared in the USA and were frequently associated with PCV-associated diseases. The possibility of lack of cross-protection of commercial vaccines against mPCV2 is now of major concern.
Modelling PCV2 course of infection in a farrow-to-finish farm
Reducing piglets mingling in farrowing and nursery facilities was found to delay the infectious process leading to a lower number of early infections. Clustering piglets by litter in small units after weaning also decreased significantly the probability of early infection.
The path to profitability – assessing when the benefit of animal health interventions justifies the cost in wean-to-market
What further increases profitability in pig production is not minimizing costs, but maximizing revenue.
Diagnosis of PCV2-related diseases: a matter of order
Despite the evident usefulness of laboratory diagnosis, we must not forget that a field necropsy allows us to us recover part of the loss caused by the death of the animal.
Reproduction in gilts inseminated with PCV2-spiked semen. Protection by gilt vaccination with a sow PCV2 vaccine
PCV2 vaccination of the gilts prior to insemination with PCV2 spiked-semen showed a clear decrease of viral load in the gilts as well as a much lower viral excretion that were compatible with foetus protection.
PCV2 Virus properties and implications
The virus is highly resistant in the environment, showing also high resistance to chemical and thermal treatments.
Update on the importance of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) subclinical infection
Might be there is a little doubt nowadays on the beneficial clinical and economic effects of PCV2 vaccination in subclinical infections in piglets, but… which is the role that sows play in the whole picture?
How to deal with the economics of PCV2? A suggested approach
This economic model was create to provide a decision support tool for farmers and veterinarians, who can enter their own data to calculate the severity of PMWS on their farm, the cost of disease and what could be the most cost-effective control measure.
Reproductive failure by PCV2 infections
PCV2 may reach embryos/foetuses upon transplacental spread during viremia or upon insemination with contaminated semen.
PCV2 related diseases (PCVDs): risk factors analysis
It has been shown that the efficacy of PCV2 vaccines was dramatically decreased in the context of husbandry deviations such as excess of cross-fostering, mingling at weaning or very large groups in nursery.
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