Laboratory diagnosis
When the clinical signs on the farm and the lesions observed in the piglets lead us to suspect that there is a Haemophilus parasuis infection we have to confirm this diagnosis in the laboratory
Articles - Pig health
Clinical and pathologic diagnosis
Haemophilus parasuis is present in all swine producing countries and its prevalence is close to 100% on conventional farms. However, only a percentage of these farms present pathologies associated to the infection.
Pathogenicity: why are some strains pathogenic while some are not?
The factors of virulence allow the pathogenic strains to survive inside the animal and cause the infection, while the non-virulent strains lack these factors and can only survive in the upper respiratory tract as colonisers.
Risk factors
On a conventional farm with no problems with Glässer’s disease, it is possible to isolate various strains of Haemophilus parasuis which colonise piglets while being in balance with the animal’s immunity without producing pathology.
Etiology. What is Glässer’s disease of swine?
H. parasuis is a gram-negative bacillus of small size, which belongs to the Pasteurellaceae family. The group characterized by fibrinous polyserositis and fibrinous arthritis became known as Glässer’s disease.
Prevention and control of porcine circovirus
We may have some highly efficient vaccines, but we shouldn’t forget that for their application we must obtain good diagnostic information, and that in all cases we should not lose sight of good management and a good control of the concomitant diseases.
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ArticleRisk and/or triggering factors of porcine circovirus
Between 1995 and 1997, at the beginning of an epizootic called “maladie de l’amagrissement du porcelet” (MAP), it was observed that the farms that were most affected and that had the most losses, generally presented obvious deviations from what we would consider to be a suitable management of the animals and facilities. This is why Dr. François Madec made a list of management practices with the aim of improving the anomalous situation observed.
An overview of North American PRRS eradication efforts
The use of diagnostics will allow producers and practitioners to work together towards the common goal of PRRS eradication
Immunology against PCV2: What difference is there between a subclinically affected animal and an animal with porcine circovirus?
Pigs that are not affected by the disease tend to have a quantity of sero-neutralizing (and also total) antibodies against PCV2, which is significantly greater than those that cause disease
PRRS Eradication
Preventing vertical and horizontal spread of PRRSV from dam to offspring is critical for the production of naive replacement stock
Diagnosis of porcine circovirus: individual and farm criteria
The aim of this article is to discuss those differentiating topics which are relevant from a practical point of view and which in some way elude the disease's definition.
PRRS Biosecurity
Trailers contaminated with PRRSV can serve as a source of infection for naïve pigs. Therefore, sanitation for livestock trailers and transport vehicles is considered a high priority when it comes to biosecurity practices.
African Swine Fever
All the information about ASF: how to recognize the disease, how it is transmitted, pictures of lesions, latest news, guides, etc.
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ArticleClinical signs and autopsy findings: can porcine circovirus be diagnosed on the farm?
The autopsy is always an important diagnostic element for the majority of diseases, and this is the same for porcine circovirosis.
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ArticlePRRS control
The presence of subpopulations of exposed and non-exposed sows in chronically PRRSV-infected breeding herds assists in the maintenance of virus circulation in the breeding herd over time.
Epidemiology and transmission of PCV2 and of porcine circovirus
It is assumed that the most probable route of PCV2 transmission is the oronasal tract, which would indicate that horizontal transmission (sow-piglet or piglet-piglet) is a frequent or very frequent occurence
PRRS: Diagnostic testing methods
This article will focus on selected antigen and antibody detection methods based on their application by practicing veterinarians to field cases in the US.
PRRS: Transmission via indirect routes (2/2)
Migratory waterfowl have been proposed as vectors of PRRSV spread between farms, due to their migratory nature and their tendency to nest on or near to swine farm lagoons
Etiology: porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)... where is "agent X"?
Porcine circovirus type 2 is a viral agent with a relatively simple structural organization of which there are two distinct genotypes (1 and 2), it is not clear if they have similar virulence. Since some years ago there has been a hypothesis developing that there exists an “agent X” that would play a role as a trigger factor of the disease in 100% of cases.
Foot and Mouth lessons for Europe
It is essential that veterinarians update their knowledge and educate livestock farmers and employees to familiarize themselves with exotic diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease or ASF, since their detection requires knowledge of them.
Foot and Mouth Disease 2001
The appearance of Foot and Mouth Disease Type 0 (Asian types) in the United Kingdom shortly after the occurrence of Classical Swine Fever has generated a very deep crisis in United Kingdom livestock industry. The occurrence of the two so soon after one another, and both supposedly originating from the same part of the world suggests that there have been changes in the patterns of food importation into the UK that have allowed these strains to enter.
PRRS: Transmission via direct and indirect routes (1/2)
In this second part the direct routes (infected pigs and contaminated semen) and indirect routes (fomites and transportation vehicles) of PRRSV are tackled, as is the persistence of the virus because the persistence of the infection is a characteristic of PRRSV infections in pigs and plays a major role in the control and eradication of the disease.
History and controversy of disease
Joaquim Segalés, professor at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and researcher at the Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) (research centre for animal health), was one of the first researchers to discover PMWS and PDNS in Spain. He will be in charge of this section where every month articles will be published on the latest themes, especially from a practical point of view. These themes will include etiology, patogenicity, epidemiology, diagnostic, treatment and prevention of porcine circovirus-associated diseases. A possible hypothesis will also be presented on the emergence of porcine circovirus on a worldwide level.
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ArticleWhat causes coughing in pigs?
Any factor that irritates or inflames the respiratory system will elicit the physiological response of either sneezing or coughing or both. Although alarming and indicative of disease, coughing is at least a sign that normal physiological responses are taking place and should not in isolation be necessarily seen as a bad thing. We may have sudden or generalized outbreaks of coughing as well as a constant coughing in pig groups. There are infectious pathogenic agents that are normally associated with coughing or laboured breathing in pigs such as Actinobacillus, Bordetella, Haemophilus, Pasteurella Streptococcus, Mycoplasma, SIV, PRRSV or PCV2.
PRRS: Etiology and clinical manifestation
Scott Dee, the prestigious American veterinarian who is known worldwide for his research on the PRRS virus, will be in charge of this section which is dedicated exclusively to the PRRS disease. Every month a new article will be published related to subjects such as etiology and clinical signs, transmission routes, diagnostic testing methods, biosecurity or control and eradication.
Water medication calculator
Simulator that calculates the amount of drug to add to the water when using a flow dispenser.
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