Laboratory diagnostics: Salmonella
What laboratory diagnostic methods can I use to diagnose salmonellosis? Which one should I choose according to the situation? How do I interpret the results?
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Salmonellosis is an important bacterial disease in swine for its capacity to produce food intoxication in humans. Clinically, Salmonellosis appears as diarrhea, systemic disease or pneumonia.
Alternative names: salmonellosis
Salmonella is widely extended in humans and animals. From all the Salmonella serotypes (more than 2400), the more important ones causing clinical disease in pigs are Salmonella Choleraesuis and Salmonella Typhimurium. S. Choleraesuis is the specific serotype adapted to swine, and can produce a severe disease widespread in sows (fever, depression, septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis, arthritis and diarrhea), but does commonly not affect humans. The most commonly found serotype in pigs, however, is Salmonella Typhimurium which sometimes is associated with diarrhea in young pigs, and is a common source of food intoxication in humans. Pigs can be subclinical carriers of S. Choleraesuis for long periods of time because the organism survives in the mesenteric lymph nodes, located in the intestine. Many of these carriers do not excrete the bacteria in feces, unless they are under stressing conditions. Some pigs might excrete the organism in feces in a continuous or intermittent way. The disease depends on the strain and the dosage, meaning there is a need for a relatively high number of organisms to produce clinical signs.
Salmonella might occur at any age, but is more frequent in growing pigs 8 weeks or older. The salmonella present in the pig’s gut can contaminate the carcass during slaughter, which is a potential risk for human health.
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What laboratory diagnostic methods can I use to diagnose salmonellosis? Which one should I choose according to the situation? How do I interpret the results?