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Decrease dietary crude protein (CP) reduces feeding costs and environmental impact. Recently, lowering the CP and amino acid (AA) level (117 or 108 g CP/kg and 5.8 or 4.6 g Lys/kg) was adequate for Italian heavy pigs performance (90-1-30 or 130-165 kg BW). However, effects on carcass quality should be explored. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of four dietary treatments characterized by 0 to 20% progressive reduction of the dietary CP and indispensable AA contents on carcass quality and uniformity of pigs fed restrictively and slaughtered around 165 kg body weight (BW). Carcass data from 233 pigs from a feeding study that involved 3 batches of 80 crossbred pigs each were used. Pigs, offspring of 12 boars, were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (10 pigs per pen, gilts and barrows, and 2 pens per treatment in each batch) with diets formulated to contain 146 to 117 and 133 to 108 g/kg of CP and 7.3 to 5.8 and 5.7 to 4.7 g/kg of total Lys in early (90 to 130 kg BW) and late (130 to 165 kg BW) finishing, respectively. After slaughter, the carcasses were processed and the weight of the commercial lean (neck, loin, shoulder, and ham) and fat cuts (backfat, belly, and jowl) was recorded. The coefficient of variation was used to describe uniformity of the most important carcass traits, and the corresponding confidence intervals were computed to make comparisons across dietary treatments.
Carcass weight and midline backfat thickness averaged 137 kg and 31 mm, respectively, and were not affected by diets. Diets did not influence the weight of commercial cuts and their proportion on carcass weight, with the sole exception of loins. Pigs fed diets containing the 2 lowest CP content had a slight lower proportion of loins in the carcass compared with pigs fed the conventional CP diet (P<0.05). Most carcass traits were affected by sex and by sire effects. Uniformity of carcass weight, backfat thickness, and weight of loins and dressed hams was not influenced by the dietary treatments.
In conclusion, the content of CP, Lys, and other indispensable AA of conventional diets for finishing heavy pigs may be reduced by 20% without impairing the weight of carcass and primal cuts and the yields of dressed hams.
Gallo, L., Dalla Montà, G., Carraro, L., Cecchinato, A., Carnier, P., & Schiavon, S. (2015). Carcass quality and uniformity of heavy pigs fed restrictive diets with progressive reductions in crude protein and indispensable amino acids. Livestock Science, 172, 50-58. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.11.014