Page 15 of articles about health in Articles

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HealthArticle

Which route of exposure is best for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae gilt acclimation?

Intranasal and intratracheal inoculation routes as well as aerosolization with foggers are discussed.

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Facilities-Equipment Article

Biosecurity in load-ins and load-outs. Minimizing the unavoidable risk of animal movement

Key considerations for the design of biosecure and practical pig loading chutes that will minimize disease transmission during the animal movement process.

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HealthArticle

Serotyping of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field isolates by PCR

A newly produced PCR-based test can help assigning all known App serotypes, which can be used to select the most appropriate vaccine.

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Figure 1. Most important sequence types (STs) of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 as determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). ST1 serotype 2 strains are mostly associated with disease in both pigs (where data available) and humans in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (Argentina). ST7, a single locus variant of ST1, is endemic to mainland China. The situation is different in North America, where few clinical ST1 cases of infection in pigs and only 1 human ST1 case has been described. Indeed, North American serotype 2 strains belong mainly to ST25 (human and pigs) and ST28 (pigs only). The latter ST is also associated with swine clinical cases in mainland China, Australia, Japan and Thailand. Interestingly, Japan and Thailand are the only countries also reporting ST28 human cases. Besides North America, human cases of ST25 have been reported in Australia and Thailand. Finally, ST20 is prevalent only in Europe (mostly in The Netherlands). In this figure, numbers (1, 20, 25, 28, 104) in the different hosts represent different STs (i.e. ST1, ST20, ST25, ST28, ST104) and each ST has been attributed with a different color. Figure was modified from: Segura M, Fittipaldi N, Calzas C, Gottschalk M. Critical Streptococcus suis virulence factors: Are they all really critical? Trends Microbiol. 2017; 25(7):585-599. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.02.005, with copyright permission.

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HealthArticle

Streptococcus suis: The search for a solution

Why is there no effective commercial vaccine against Streptococcus suis?

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Picture from an infected pig 14 days after detection of disease. Severe haemorraghic lesions across the body.

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HealthArticle

Are we ready to recognize African Swine Fever in the field?

Depending on the virulence of the strain and the route of exposure, the disease may have four different presentations and early detection can be a challenge due to the lack of specific clinical signs.

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Picture 1. Plastic boots help prevent cross contamination by footwear.

Facilities-Equipment Article

Biosecure entry for farm personnel. Preventing two-legged fomites

We highlight different options for segregation of clean/dirty zones at the personnel entrance into the farm. This is where biosecurity starts. Keeping it simple and easy to follow increases the likelihood of an effective protocol.

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Figure 2. Aerosol exposure of replacement gilts for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

HealthArticle

Gilt Acclimatization for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in the field

Traditional gilt exposure to seeder animals is being substituted by intratracheal inoculation and aerosol exposure.

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Figure 1: Detection of H. parasuis in systemic samples by PCR from cases submitted in 2013-2017. ISU database 2018.

HealthArticle

Characterization of Haemophilus parasuis field isolates from diseased pigs by serotyping PCR

More than 50% of all systemic samples tested by HPS PCR at the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) are positive.

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Left: Separation of zones within a farm. The small wall reminds workers of the mandatory shoe change point between the entrance of the farm (dirty) and the shower area. Picture courtesy Dr. Tim Snider. Right: Example of separation of zones within shower area. Red = Dirty Zone; Yellow = Intermediate Zone; Green = Clean Zone. Picture courtesy of Mike Luyks, Kaslo Bay, PIC Boar Stud, Canada.

HealthArticle

Low cost, high impact biosecurity: well-defined clean and dirty zones

Let's clarify what are the clean and dirty zones and its boundaries. A series of articles will discuss how to apply segregation principles to farm zones for the prevention of pathogen entry.

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Figure 1: PRRS time-to-stability observed according to the season when the outbreak occurred. Dashed line represents the overall mean value (43.9 weeks). Each box represents 50% of the data (percentiles 25-75) and the black line within the box represents the median (percentile 50), so half of the outbreaks had a TTS above this line and the other half below this line for each season.

HealthArticle

PRRS time-to-stability variability in Midwestern US sow herds

Do outbreaks in the same farm have a similar time-to-stability? What factors can affect time-to-stability?

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Photo 2. Captures with boxes or traps are an option in areas where boar hunting is not possible, but they are expensive and not always effective.

HealthArticle

Is it possible to control the population of wild boar?

Time flies and wild boar breed at a faster rate than our ability to control them.

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NutritionArticle

Gut health: Potentiation of the barrier function and the immune response

Probiotics and amino acids to improve the intestinal barrier. Omega-3 fatty acids, plasma, probiotics, prebiotics, etc... to enhance the immune response.

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Figure 6. Hind feet of 2nd litter sow kept outdoors with excessive and uneven growth of claws with horizontal splitting.

HealthArticle

Clinical case: Overgrown claws and foot problems in sows

The overgrowth of horn of the claw leading to slipper feet, cracking or separation, and secondary septic laminitis has a multifactorial origin.

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Graph1: Feeding enzymatically treated soy (ESBM) with low soy antigen content resulted in higher plasma concentrations of antioxidant enzymes and lower malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative damage, on day 14 after weaning compared to soybean meal with higher antigen level. (Ma et al., 2018)

NutritionArticle

Oxidative stress in pigs

What is oxidative stress and why is it so important? What relationship does it have with tail bites, weaning, late pregnancy or high milk production?

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Figure 1. Number of weekly cases (green dots) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA)(blue line) of the proportion of farms at risk participating in the MSHMP from 2009 to 2018. The epidemic threshold (red line) is calculated every two years and corresponds to the upper confidence interval of the percentage of outbreaks happening in the low risk season (Summer). The dates in the black boxes indicate when the EWMA curve crosses the epidemic threshold.

HealthArticle

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome break recurrence

71% of the farms reporting a PRRS break today will report a break within the following two years. What makes them more susceptible?

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NutritionArticle

Nutritional strategies to promote intestinal health

Compilation of nutritional strategies for the management of gut health, grouped by functional additives, functional ingredients and diet modifications.