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Figure 1: The spreading is further reduced in animals that obtain a better quality protection (piglets born to multiparous sows) than in piglets born to primiparous sows. In the nursery stage, the animals that have become infected in the presence of a certain level of maternal antibodies will not develop immunity actively, so the virus will be able to infect and cause recurrent influenza. Finally, the presence, at the same time, of different batches of animals with different ages facilitates the spreading of the virus between production batches, therefore perpetuating the infection.

HealthArticle

Enzootic influenza: a balance between subpopulations and maternal antibodies

How is it possible that a virus that causes an acute infection in an animal can remain on a farm throughout time?

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Roles of the microbiome: providing a protective intestinal barrier, digesting and metabolizing nutrients, and regulating immunity.

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HealthArticle

Fecal transplantation and prevention of porcine circovirus associated disease

The gut microbiome provides an alternative tool for control and prevention of diseases.

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Image 1. Nasal discharge + fever - Swine flu.

HealthArticle

Swine influenza: doubts about its control on the farm

The author presents a review of the current situation of influenza in pigs to end with his doubts and comments on the effectiveness of control measures on the farm.

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Milk spots on the liver caused by Ascaris suum.

HealthArticle

Serology to detect Ascaris suum in the nursery

Can it be useful? How?

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Figure 1. Threshold cycle (Ct) is the first number of the real time PCR cycle when fluorescence is detected indicating the presence of the given pathogen in the sample. The lower the Ct value, the higher the amount of the pathogen in the tested sample. Very high Ct values have to be interpreted with care as they can originate from spontaneous degradation of a TaqMan probe in the very late cycles, despite the lack of target DNA in the sample.

HealthArticle

PCR limitations in PRRS diagnostics

PCR can detect the virus in virtually any material but, does it mean the sample contains the virus and it is infectious? Is any PCR test valid for any strain?

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Fig 2. Effect of traditional and heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimens on the breadth of the anti-H3N2 antibody response. European and North American H3N2 SwIV strains are indicated by different flags. Sera collected 14 days after the second vaccination were tested against 15 antigenically distinct viruses including the vaccine strains. The numbers represent the number of viruses against which HI antibody titers were ≥ 40.

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HealthArticle

A different take on swine influenza vaccination

Influenza researchers are trying to stimulate antibody responses towards parts of the HA that are the least variable from strain to strain. One approach that seems promising is choosing two antigenically very different strains within the H1 or H3 subtype for the primary and subsequent booster vaccinations.

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HealthArticle

Farms combining high performance and low antimicrobial usage

Producing well with a low antimicrobial usage: Is it possible in high pig-density areas? And, what is the role of the age at weaning?

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Picture 1. Using ropes for sampling oral fluids.

HealthArticle

PRRSV surveillance. How could we track the progress towards PRRS control in our farms?

How can we monitor our program? Which pigs should be sampled? How many? How often should we sequence the virus/es present in our farms?

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HealthArticle

Vaccination against Salmonella in pigs. What can we expect?

Could the vaccination against Salmonella in pigs be as crucial as it has been in poultry?

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Figure 1. Pig coughing in a hospital pen. Note: The feeder in the hospital pen is dry meal ad libitum.

HealthArticle

Clinical case: Influenza type A outbreak in a minimal disease farm

The farmer contacted the veterinary surgeon concerning an increase of respiratory distress and mortality in the finishing pigs during the previous 3 days.

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HealthArticle

When will a vaccine against ASF be available?

Fernando Rodríguez, the director of CReSA, explains at what stage is the development of the vaccine against ASF.

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Figure 1. Intestinal integrity determined using scanning electronic microscope of a representative NDM-fed piglet showing intestinal villi of the jejunum. Magnification 200x, 2 kV, 3.1 pA. Adapted from de Greeff et al. 2016

NutritionArticle

Act now! The effect of early life interventions in pigs

The critical window of opportunity around transition moments allows shaping of intestinal development, potentially leading to long-lasting effects on gut health.

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The use of preweaning units or pens for piglets with low weight allows: 1. To wean them applying an appropriate management for it. 2. More weight homogeneity in the nurseries. 3. Keep an appropriate all-in/all-out management system in the farrowing rooms.

HealthArticle

Are the nurseries becoming more complicated? (3/3) Streptococcus suis

In this third article, we want to to talk about a common guest in the nurseries: Streptococcus suis, the causative agent of clinical pictures that can include meningitis, arthritis and sudden deaths.

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Figure 1. Affected farm system in Liaoning province.

HealthArticle

Clinical case: ASF on a Chinese pig farm

This clinical case describes how, after discovering large numbers of dead and dying pigs in the sheds over a 4-day period, an expert team of veterinarians diagnosed African Swine Fever.

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Picture 1. Gilt unit in North America. Picture courtesy of Dr. Maria Jose Clavijo

HealthArticle

Gilt acclimation to PRRS virus (2/2). Steps to meet the challenge

Four veterinarians talk about gilt acclimation: programs they put in place, how the immune status is measured and special management scenarios for introducing those gilts into the main herd.

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HealthArticle

ASF: can flies transmit the virus to pigs?

Enric Marco comments on the practical implications of a recent article investigating the transmission of ASF through ingestion of flies.