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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines

This article describes the main characteristics of commercial vaccines to combat PRRS.

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Figure 1. Gene editing using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. A guide RNA (sgRNA) recognizes a specific genomic region, which targets the DNA endonuclease Cas9. This enzyme cleaves the two DNA strands at the precise location. Adapted from: https://es.moleculardevices.com/applications/gene-editing-with-crispr-engineering

Genetics-ReproductionArticle

Gene editing: What is it? What can it bring to the swine industry?

Gene editing represents a significant technological advancement that we must thoroughly understand due to its potential impact on the swine industry. Will there be animals resistant to viral diseases?

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Figure 1. Number of cases and breakdown by percentage of specimens tested for PRRSV by RT-PCR over time in the US (2001-2024). Image extracted from the Swine Disease Reporting System webpage (SDRS, https://fieldepi.org/domestic-swine-disease-monitoring-program/)

HealthArticle

How is batch farrowing systems affecting the outcome after a PRRS outbreak?

Moving away from weekly batch management improved Time to stability, Time to baseline production and Total Piglet losses per 1,000 sows after a PRRS outbreak.

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Something smells bad about PRRS. Is manure management playing a role in PRRS epidemiology?

The overall risk of a PRRS outbreak is 12 times higher during the first 15 days after pumping manure than the rest of the year.

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Summary of the 27th IPVS and 15th ESPHM-ECPHM: Viruses and parasites

In this first installment, Antonio Palomo summarizes the presentations and posters from the latest edition of IPVS and ESPHM-ECPHM.

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Figure 1. Differences between farms' awareness, desire, knowledge, and farmers' ability for PRRSV eradication.

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The human factor: Are we ready to eradicate PRRS?

Farmer profiling to understand their objections or willingness towards PRRS elimination using the ADKAR change management model.

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55th AASV Annual Meeting summary: Health

Antonio Palomo summarizes the presentations on swine health from the recent edition of the AASV that took place in Nashville (Tennessee).

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Figure 1. Left: A pig with healthy turbinates where the nose is the first filter to combat the entry of respiratory pathogens. Right: turbinates affected by non-progressive atrophic rhinitis. The snout twists, shrinks and wrinkles. Piglets show sometimes even nasal bleeding.

HealthArticle

The role of non-progressive atrophic rhinitis: Looking beyond the snout

How do turbinate atrophy and the effect on cilia caused by B. bronchiseptica affect the incidence of S. suis and porcine respiratory disease complex?

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Photo 1. Femoral puncture during semen collection.

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Practical experience: Ability to detect PRRS infection in boars by sample type

Are we using the best samples and techniques to monitor PRRS absence in boar studs?

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Figure 1. Cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC) in pig.

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Productive and economic impact of pig lung lesions detected at slaughter

Detection of lung lesions in slaughtered pigs also allows estimation of economic losses.

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Figure 2. Biosecurity hazards and critical control points: Aspects of the production processes where biosecurity control measures may be implemented.

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Applying outbreak investigation findings to improve biosecurity

A case study on identifying and addressing entry-related biosecurity hazards on a sow farm.

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Reflecting on 20 years of PRRS

PRRS creates frustrating challenges as it seems we have to keep learning the same lessons we already know, along with the occasional new chapter.

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Figure 1. Illustration of an example of current common approach for determining PRRSV variant within a farm (left panel), and our proposed assessment to determine PRRSV resident virus variability (right panel).

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How many PRRSV types can we detect in a swine farm during a single-day sampling event?

Too often a single sequence information is used to make important conclusions regarding virus source, especially for new PRRS outbreaks, guiding outbreak investigations, and future interventions.

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New tools for PRRS virus monitoring: When to use each one

In this article we will focus the discussion on the practical applications of the new monitoring systems.

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Neonatal diarrhoea: Prevalence of enteric pathogens

The detection of a pathogen alone is not sufficient for elucidating the aetiology behind neonatal diarrhoea outbreaks. The diagnosis of neonatal diarrhoea is one of the most challenging ones in daily pig practice.

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Figure 3. Status on the national reduction strategy in Denmark. Orange color represents established regional eradication programs.

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Danish national PRRS reduction strategy - Status year 1

By May 2023, 85% of all Danish pig herds have a serological PRRS status. Area eradication programs have been established in regions with a high density of PRRS seropositive herds. The Danish Agriculture & Food Council has taken a range of initiatives with the purpose of paving the road for a national reduction of PRRS, including an implementation strategy, digital tools, common guidelines for the classification, monitoring, and eradication of PRRSV, and project funding resources.