Page 8 of articles about swine-diseases in Articles

We may have some highly efficient vaccines, but we shouldn’t forget that for their application we must obtain good diagnostic information, and that in all cases we should not lose sight of good management and a good control of the concomitant diseases.

The usual pig viruses are H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2. The original H1N1 pig viruses have been largely replaced by poultry viruses in pigs. The H3N2 viruses were from humans originally. The H1N2 viruses are re-assortants from human viruses (H and N genes) and poultry viruses.

Between 1995 and 1997, at the beginning of an epizootic called “maladie de l’amagrissement du porcelet” (MAP), it was observed that the farms that were most affected and that had the most losses, generally presented obvious deviations from what we would consider to be a suitable management of the animals and facilities. This is why Dr. François Madec made a list of management practices with the aim of improving the anomalous situation observed.

On December, the Philippine Department of Agriculture announced that the non-lethal Ebola Reston Virus previously only found in monkeys, had been detected in pigs

The first swine influenza viruses were all H1N1 and were for about 60 years in North America. In the middle 1980’s, there appeared in European pigs H3N2 viruses that were derived originally from humans and had adapted to pigs and were therefore known as human-like H3N2 viruses. These viruses have since appeared in other parts of the world most notably as H3N2 in the USA in 1998. These viruses however contained bits of human, avian and swine viruses and were therefore called triple re-assortants.

It is produced by a virus with genetic material from porcine, human and avian viruses which has shown the ability unusually for such a virus to transmit from human to human. The virus appears to have 2 of 8 gene segments that derive from eurasian swine viruses. The NA and matrix genes of the new virus have not been seen in humans or pigs before.

Preventing vertical and horizontal spread of PRRSV from dam to offspring is critical for the production of naive replacement stock

The aim of this article is to discuss those differentiating topics which are relevant from a practical point of view and which in some way elude the disease's definition.

Trailers contaminated with PRRSV can serve as a source of infection for naïve pigs. Therefore, sanitation for livestock trailers and transport vehicles is considered a high priority when it comes to biosecurity practices.

The autopsy is always an important diagnostic element for the majority of diseases, and this is the same for porcine circovirosis.

The presence of subpopulations of exposed and non-exposed sows in chronically PRRSV-infected breeding herds assists in the maintenance of virus circulation in the breeding herd over time.

It is assumed that the most probable route of PCV2 transmission is the oronasal tract, which would indicate that horizontal transmission (sow-piglet or piglet-piglet) is a frequent or very frequent occurence

There are consistent strains of Streptococcus suis usually types 1 and 2 across Europe but the other strains vary from country to country.

Migratory waterfowl have been proposed as vectors of PRRSV spread between farms, due to their migratory nature and their tendency to nest on or near to swine farm lagoons