Page 2 of articles about zoonose in Articles

The role that wild birds can play in the spreading of this infection cannot be underrated.

In this article Salmonella critical contamination points in the abattoir will be analyzed, as well as the measures that can be taken with regard to them.

When exposed, the pigs get infected in less time than the length of the transportation and the waiting period (prior to the slaughter) in the abattoir.

In 1996, the NFMDTF drafted a national plan to address the 1995 FMD epidemic wherein 98,000 animals were reported to have been affected.

Currently, the human risk factors associated with S. suis infection are: 1) Eating raw/undercooked pork meat, 2) Being a farm worker with hog contact or 3) Butchers. To date, there is no evidence of human-to-human transmission of S. suis.

As better information systems capable to measure change in disease patterns, vector distribution and environmental conditions are put in place, we may be surprised about the range of diseases directly or indirectly already affected by climate change.

With the earth warming up there is evidence of accelerated changes in habitat distribution changes that in turn may be affecting disease patterns and emergence of diseases.

The first swine influenza viruses were all H1N1 and were for about 60 years in North America. In the middle 1980’s, there appeared in European pigs H3N2 viruses that were derived originally from humans and had adapted to pigs and were therefore known as human-like H3N2 viruses. These viruses have since appeared in other parts of the world most notably as H3N2 in the USA in 1998. These viruses however contained bits of human, avian and swine viruses and were therefore called triple re-assortants.

It is produced by a virus with genetic material from porcine, human and avian viruses which has shown the ability unusually for such a virus to transmit from human to human. The virus appears to have 2 of 8 gene segments that derive from eurasian swine viruses. The NA and matrix genes of the new virus have not been seen in humans or pigs before.